History Files: African Kingdoms - Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt was a narrow valley bordered on either side by extensive deserts. From around 9000 BC, the hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the fertile Nile Valley enjoyed the milder post-glacial conditions, domesticating animals and increasing in number. In the late sixth millennium BC farming villages appeared, as did rock art in some of the region's caves, and the following two millennia saw the gradual formation of small states.